Berkat “Urbi et Orbi” dan Indulgensi Penuh dari Bapa Suci Sri Paus (Gereja Katolik) Pemimpin Gereja Katolik Roma

Berkat “Urbi et Orbi” dan Indulgensi Penuh dari Bapa Suci Sri Paus (Gereja Katolik) Pemimpin Gereja Katolik Roma.

To my beloved brothers and sisters in the Lord Jesus Christ,

We are thankful to God for His love and forgiveness that we have received during this season of fasting and abstinence. Now, Jesus Christ who has risen from the dead is the joy and gladness of us all. With this Christmas Urbi et Orbi, let us all continue to persevere in prayer and do and carry out all our daily lives according to His plan and will. This is our responsibility as followers of Christ. May we be won over by the peace of Christ.

Praise and thanks be to God that we have all received Urbi et Orbi from Pope Francis. Be thankful for this love and forgiveness of God. I believe all of you present at St. Peter's Square rejoiced and happy in this extraordinary blessing of Urbi et Orbi. And I on behalf of the Catholic community here also remain loyal and follow this Urbi et Orbi broadcast through the youtube channel that has been aired. I see your joy and happiness, your smiles and the waving of your hands. I pray that the presence of all of you in this place will further strengthen our relationship with each other as God's holy people.

The Urbi et Orbi blessing is the most solemn form of apostolic blessing in the Catholic Church and is reserved for the Pope. It is a form of public blessing that the Pope gives for the first time immediately after his election to the papal throne and every year on Christmas and Easter days and in other exceptional circumstances.

Urbi et Orbi ('to the city [of Rome] and to the world') denotes a papal address and apostolic blessing given by the pope on certain solemn occasions.

The blessing “Urbi et Orbi” grants remission for the temporal punishment of sins that are already forgiven; that is, it confers a plenary indulgence under the conditions determined by Canon Law and made explicit by the Catechism of the Church (Nos. 1471-1484).

To earn the indulgence, it is critical to regret past sins and commit to confessing and receiving the Eucharist as soon as possible. The Urbi et Orbi blessing is effective for anyone who receives it with faith and reverence, including those who watch it online or through mass media such as television or radio.

Etymology.

The term Urbi et Orbi evolved from the consciousness of the ancient Roman Empire. The invocation is expressed by the pope in his capacity as both the bishop of Rome (urbs = city; urbi the corresponding dative form; compare: urban) and the head of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world (orbis = earth; orbi the corresponding dative form; compare: orbit).

The formula is found more frequently in the language of the Church, as in the inscription at the Lateran Basilica, which is: omnium urbis et orbis Ecclesiarum mater et caput - "the head and mother of all churches of the city and of the earth" = the principal and mother of all churches of the world.

In the 4th century, Pope Damasus I wrote in a letter to the bishops of Illyricum: Unde iustum est, omnes in Universo Romanorum Orbe Doctores legis, ea, quae legis sunt, sapere, et non fidem doctrinis variis maculare. - (English: "Hence, it is just, that all doctors of the law in the Universe of the World of the Romans, those, who are of the law, are wise, and do not teach the faith with various doctrines.")

The ritual of the papal blessing Urbi et Orbi developed in the 13th century during the reign of Pope Gregory X, who consulted Niccolò and Maffeo Polo before his election.

Occasions.

The Urbi et Orbi address and blessing is the most solemn form of blessing in the Catholic Church, and is reserved for the most solemn occasions. These occasions include Easter, Christmas, and the proclamation of a newly elected pope concluding a conclave.

Urbi et orbi blessings are usually given from the central loggia of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome, at noontime, and are broadcast worldwide through the European Broadcasting Union and other linkups. The address concludes with greetings in many languages in relation to the feast celebrated.

The Roman Catholic Church grants a plenary indulgence by the willful grace and intent of the pope, on the usual conditions, to those who "devoutly receive" the blessing that the pope imparts Urbi et Orbi.

For any ordinary plenary indulgence, the "usual conditions" are:

Reception of sacramental confession through a Catholic priest within 20 days (before or after) of performing the specific work.

Reception of Eucharistic communion within 20 days (before or after) of performing the specific work.

Prayers for the intentions of the pope designated for that particular month or occasion, usually at the same time the work is performed, though recitation some days before or after also suffices.

Gaining a plenary indulgence requires that a baptized Roman Catholic must also exclude any attachment to sin, even venial sin.

Since 1985, this indulgence is granted not only to the people in Saint Peter's Square, but also to those who though unable to be physically present, "piously follow" it by radio or television.

This is now extended to all who receive the papal blessing over the Internet ("the new communications medium"), since the blessing is preceded by an announcement by a cardinal (usually the cardinal protodeacon): "His Holiness Pope N. grants a plenary indulgence in the form laid down by the Church to all the faithful present and to those who receive his blessing by radio, television and the new communications media. Let us ask Almighty God to grant the Pope many years as leader of the Church and peace and unity to the Church throughout the world."

The only yearly occasions for the Urbi et Orbi blessing are Christmas and Easter. Besides that, another systematic occasion for the Urbi et Orbi comes at the end of a papal conclave when the new pope makes his first appearance to the world following his election. In addition, Popes John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis started with a short speech, with the latter requesting prayers from the faithful, and John Paul II deliberately mispronouncing the word “correct” in Italian in an effort to gain the support of the followers below. The people were nervous about having a non-Italian as pope for the first time since the Dutch born Pope Adrian VI who reigned from January 1522 to September of 1523.

On 27 March 2020, Pope Francis imparted an extraordinary Urbi et Orbi blessing in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. He stood in the door of Saint Peter's Basilica, at the head of Saint Peter's Square (without the presence of the public) following a prayer. For this blessing, the Apostolic Penitentiary loosened the requirements to receive the Eucharist and go to confession, due to the impossibility for people affected by lockdowns and suspension of liturgies. The Salus Populi Romani image and the crucifix from the church of San Marcello al Corso were brought to the square for the occasion. The Pope did not use the formula of the apostolic blessing; instead, he performed a Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament.

Formulæ of apostolic blessing.

Latin:

Sancti Apostoli Petrus et Paulus: de quorum potestate et auctoritate confidimus, ipsi intercedant pro nobis ad Dominum.℟: Amen.Precibus et meritis beatae Mariae semper Virginis, beati Michaelis Archangeli, beati Ioannis Baptistae et sanctorum Apostolorum Petri et Pauli et omnium Sanctorum, misereatur vestri omnipotens Deus; et dimissis omnibus peccatis vestris, perducat vos Iesus Christus ad vitam æternam.℟: Amen.Indulgentiam, absolutionem, et remissionem omnium peccatorum vestrorum, spatium veræ et fructuosae pœnitentiae, cor semper paenitens, et emendationem vitae, gratiam et consolationem Sancti Spiritus; et finalem perseverantiam in bonis operibus tribuat vobis omnipotens et misericors Dominus.℟: Amen.Et benedictio Dei omnipotentis, Patris, et Filii, et Spiritus Sancti, descendat super vos et maneat semper.℟: Amen.

English translation:

May the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, in whose power and authority we trust, intercede for us before the Lord.℟: Amen.Through the prayers and merits of Blessed Mary ever Virgin, Saint Michael the Archangel, Saint John the Baptist, the holy apostles Peter and Paul, and all the saints, may Almighty God have mercy on you and forgive all your sins, and may Jesus Christ bring you to everlasting life.℟: Amen.May the almighty and merciful Lord grant you indulgence, absolution and the remission of all your sins, a season of true and fruitful penance, a well-disposed heart, amendment of life, the grace and comfort of the Holy Spirit and final perseverance in good works.℟: Amen.And may the blessing of Almighty God, the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit, come down on you and remain with you forever.℟: Amen.

Former practice.

Prior to the occupation of Rome by the army of the Kingdom of Italy (20 September 1870), this blessing was given more frequently and at specific basilicas at Rome:

Saint Peter's Basilica—Holy Thursday, Easter, the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, and at the papal coronation.

Archbasilica of St. John Lateran—Ascension (sometimes this was postponed until Pentecost), and when a new pope was enthroned as Bishop of Rome.

Basilica of Saint Mary Major—Assumption.

On the occasion of a Holy Year the pope gave the blessing on other occasions too for the benefit of pilgrims. In the jubilee year of 1650 Pope Innocent XI did so at Epiphany, Pentecost, and All Saints. He and later popes gave such special-occasion blessings from the balcony of the Quirinal Palace, which was then the papal residence.

After the occupation, Pope Pius IX considered himself a "prisoner in the Vatican" and in protest ceased to give the blessing. The practice was later resumed, though in a more limited manner, following the resolution of the so-called "Roman Question" (i.e., the legal relationship between the Holy See and the Italian government).

Kepada saudara dan saudari yang tidak dapat bersama-sama dengan Pope Francis, kami mendorong anda semua untuk ikut serta extraordinary blessing "Urbi et Orbi" ini di masa hadapan serta hari-hari yang seterusnya. Berkat Urbi et Orbi adalah bentuk berkat kerasulan yang paling khusyuk dalam Gereja Katolik dan dikhaskan untuk Paus. Ia adalah satu bentuk berkat awam yang Paus berikan buat kali pertama sejurus selepas pemilihannya ke takhta Paus dan setiap tahun pada hari Krismas dan Paskah dan dalam keadaan luar biasa lain.

Berkat Apostolik (atau Berkat Kepausan) adalah sebuah berkat spesial dalam liturgi Gereja Katolik Roma. Jika Paus memberikan berkat ini, maka berkat ini disertai dengan indulgensi penuh.

Kata “Urbi et Orbi” (all’urbe e all’orbe) berasal dari frase Bahasa Latin, yang bererti kota Roma dan dunia. Jadi secara singkat dan sederhana berkat “Urbi et Orbi” adalah berkat apostolik Paus untuk kota Roma dan untuk seluruh dunia atau lebih di fahami lagi adalah untuk semua orang.

Berkat “Urbi et Orbi” adalah berkat yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh uskup lain. Berkat ini menjadi milik khusus Paus sebagai Uskup Roma dan Pemimpin tertinggi Gereja Universal. Paus biasanya memberikan berkat “Urbi et Orbi” pada tiga kesempatan: Hari Raya Natal, Hari Raya Paskah dan sesaat setelah terpilih menjadi Paus.

Sedangkan apa yang terjadi pada 27 Mac 2020 Jumaat adalah sesuatu yang bersifat “esktraordinari” dalam kaitan dengan Pandemik Covid-19 (Pandemi: Yunani-Pan-demos: semua rakyat/semua manusia).

Boleh dikatakan bahawa berkat “Urbi et Orbi” dalam situasi darurat seperti Pandemik Covid-19 ini unik dalam sejarah dan belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya. Sejak mendiang Paus Yohanes Paulus II, Paus biasa mengawalinya dengan membawakan ucapan (renungan) peribadinya bersama-sama dengan berkat “Urbi et Orbi” dan doa kuno yang diucapkan dalam bahasa Latin.

Ada dua sumber doktrinal gereja yang berbicara tentang indulgensi penuh ini iaitu Kitab Hukum Kanonik dan Katekismus Gereja Katolik.

Pada kan.992 KHK 1983, kita boleh menemukan informasi tersebut tentang indulgensi. Dikatakan indulgensi adalah “penghapusan di hadapan Allah hukuman-hukuman sementara untuk dosa-dosa yang kesalahannya sudah dilebur, yang diperoleh oleh orang beriman kristiani yang berdisposisi baik serta memenuhi persyaratan tertentu yang digariskan dan dirumuskan, diperoleh dengan pertolongan Gereja yang sebagai pelayan keselamatan, secara otoritatif membebaskan dan menerapkan harta pemulihan Kristus dan para Kudus” bdk. KGK. 1471).

Sedangkan untuk indulgensi penuh (indulgenza plenaria, plenary indulgence) diertikan sebagai penghapusan seluruh hukuman (siksa dosa) sementara yang timbul kerana dosa-dosanya yang telah diampuni. Jika seorang umat menerima indulgensi penuh dan tiba-tiba meninggal dunia segera sesudahnya, maka ia diyakini tidak perlu menjalani pemurnian dalam purgatorium (api penyucian).

Dalam konteks Pandemik Covid-19, Takhta Suci Vatikan melalui Lembaga Penitenziaria Apostolik pada 19 Mac 2020 lalu telah mengeluarkan sebuah dekrit yang boleh menjadi panduan bagi kita. Yang mana dikatakan bahawa untuk mendapatkan indulgensi penuh, pasien virus corona yang menjalani karantina, para petugas kesehatan dan anggota keluarga yang memberi diri mendampingi dan merawat mereka dengan tahu akan risiko serius penularannya cukup dengan sederhana melafalkan Pengakuan Iman (Aku Percaya), Bapa Kami dan Salam Maria.

Sedangkan untuk kita yang lain (yang mendoakan mereka: pasien, para petugas kesehatan dan keluarga) ada pula cara-cara mendapatkan indulgensi penuh iaitu datang ke Sakramen Mahakudus atau adorasi Ekaristi, membaca Kitab Suci setidaknya selama setengah jam, berdoa Rosario, Jalan Salib, mendaraskan doa Koronka Kerahiman Ilahi, dengan ujud penghentian fenomena epidemik Covid-19, penghiburan bagi mereka yang sakit dan keselamatan kekal bagi mereka yang dipanggil Tuhan.

Indulgensi penuh juga dapat diperoleh oleh umat beriman yang pada titik kematiannya tidak dapat menerima Sakramen Pengurapan Orang Sakit dan Viaticum: dalam kondisi seperti ini dianjurkan untuk paling tidak menggunakan salib.

Konsep dan bentuk berkat Apostolik.

Berkat Apostolik dapat dibezakan atas dua jenis. Pertama, Berkat Apostolik khusus dari Paus atau uskup diosesan dapat diberikan (hingga tiga kali dalam satu tahun, pada hari yang ia tetapkan sendiri, meskipun ia hanya menghadiri misa tersebut). Pada saat menjelang atau ketika sudah meninggal, maka berkat dapat juga diberikan oleh seorang imam. Para imam yang baru ditahbiskan juga diperbolehkan memberikan Berkat Apostolik pada akhir misa tersebut. Berkat Apostolik yang paling dikenal adalah saat berkat Paus saat memberikan Urbi et Orbi, Hari Raya Kelahiran Tuhan Yesus Kristus, Hari Raya Kebangkitan Tuhan, dan saat setelah pemilihannya sebagai Penerus Santo Petrus. Sejak tahun 1967, penerimaan berkat melalui radio oleh Paus dari Vatikan dinilai sebagai hal efektif, dan sejak tahun 1985, termasuk penerimaan dari televisyen.

Sebagai tambahan, setiap pengeluaran berkat dari Paus untuk audiensi (khalayak orang ramai) yang tepat juga dapat disebut sebagai Berkat Apostolik. Sebagai contoh, berkat di Lapangan Santo Petrus pada hari Minggu dan hari cuti umum, saat Doa Angelus disampaikan. Hal ini mulai berlangsung sejak tahun 1450 oleh Paus Nikolas V. Namun, Berkat Paus dikeluarkan pada akhir ucapan kepada khalayak orang ramai atau pada akhir surat ucapan resminya. Hal ini terkait rapat dengan status Paus sebagai penerus Santo Petrus dan Para Rasul.

Secara umum, kedua berkat ini bukan berkat dari peribadi, tetapi memohon kepada Tuhan agar Ia berkenan memberikan berkatnya kepada yang hadir.

Pelaksanaan.

Pada saat seorang uskup diosesan memberikan Berkat Apostolik, berkat ini diberikan pada akhir Perayaan Ekaristi, menggantikan berkat yang biasa. Sangat baik, jika dalam suatu Misa akan diberikan Berkat Apostolik, pada pengantar menjelang Pernyataan Tobat diberitahukan bahawa akan diberikan Berkat Apostolik, sehingga umat dapat merenungkan dan menyesali dosa-dosanya, serta menyiapkan diri menerima indulgensi tersebut. Pada misa tersebut, dalam bagian Doa Umat ditambahkan doa untuk ujud-ujud Paus.

Sebelum memberikan Berkat Apostolik, Uskup mengenakan mitra dan diakon (atau imam) yang mendampingi Uskup menyatakan kepada umat akan adanya Berkat Apostolik. Diakon (atau imam) sesudah Uskup menyampaikan "Tuhan sertamu" mengajak umat, "Marillah menundukkan kepala untuk menerima berkat".

Saat membaca rumusan yang berbunyi "Bapa, Putera dan Roh Kudus", imam atau uskup tersebut kemudian melakukan tanda salib tiga kali di udara menghadap umat. Kemudian, umat akan menundukkan badan sambil melakukan tanda salib biasa.

Benedictio Urbi et Orbi est forma sollemnissima benedictionis apostolicae in Ecclesia catholica et papae reservatur. Forma est benedictionis publicae, quam Papa statim post electionem suam ad solium pontificium dat primum et singulis annis in Nativitate et diebus Paschae et in aliis adiunctis extraordinariis.

La benedizione Urbi et Orbi è la forma più solenne di benedizione apostolica nella Chiesa cattolica ed è riservata al papa. È una forma di benedizione pubblica che il papa impartisce per la prima volta subito dopo la propria elezione al soglio pontificio e ogni anno nei giorni di Natale e Pasqua e in altre circostanze eccezionali.

Sanctitati Vestrae, Beatissime Pater Francisce, hoc primum eximiam benedictionem a Sancta Sede Urbi et Orbi accepi. Hac amoris ac veniae a Deo benedictione, quam a Te Christi Vicario accepi, oro ut vita mea moveatur ad sanctitatem et sanctitatem Iesu Christi. Amor meus omnibus ibi deferat. Gratias tibi ago pro omnem.

A Vostra Santità, Santo Padre Francesco, è la prima volta che ricevo dalla Santa Sede la benedizione straordinaria “Urbi et Orbi”. Con questa benedizione di amore e di perdono di Dio che ho ricevuto da te come Vicario di Cristo, prego che la mia vita si muova verso la santità e santità di Gesù Cristo. Trasmetti il ​​mio amore a tutti loro lì. Grazie di tutto.

Riferimenti;

Se c'è una lingua o una parola errata e poco chiara per questo uso dell'italiano, per favore correggimi l'ordine corretto delle frasi qui. Grazie.

Editio;

Si qua in usu linguae vel verbi vel linguae Latinae falsae sint, corrigas sententiam ut me hic corrigas. Gratias tibi.

Jonathan Fabian Ginunggil,

Most High Servant / Pelayan Atasan Tertinggi,

Jesus, Mary, Joseph Ministry of Love / Yesus, Maria, Yusuf Pelayanan Kasih

(Blessed and Saints and the Nine Choirs of Angels)